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Chapter 1 What is critical thinking?
Learning outcomes
This chapter gives you opportunities to.
√ understand what critical thinking is
√ find out about the early roots and later developments of critical thinking
√ recognize some of the benefits associated with critical thinking skills
√ recognize the personal qualities connected to critical thinking
√ recognize barriers to the development of good critical thinking skills
√ assess your current understanding of critical thinking and identify your priorities for improvement
Introduction
This chapter provides a general introduction to critical thinking. It examines what is meant by “critical thinking", the skills associated with it, and the barriers that can slow down effective development of critical approaches. Many people can find it difficult to order their thoughts in a logical, consistent and reasoned way. This book starts from the idea that skills in reasoning can be developed through a better understanding of what critical thinking involves, and by practice.
Critical thinking is a cognitive activity connected to using the mind. Learning to think in critically analytical and evaluative ways means using mental processes such as attention (concentrating on specific details and information), categorization (the process of organizing information into categories based on shared characteristics), selection(selecting relevant information), and judgement (the ability to assess and form well- reasoned conclusions or opinions based on available evidence).However, many effective critical thinking can be prevented from doing so for a variety of reasons apart from a lack of ability. In particular, personal and emotional, or “affective”, reasons can create barriers.
You are invited to consider, in this chapter, how far such barriers could be affecting your own thinking abilities and how you will manage them.
1.According to the learning outcomes, which of the following topics is most likely to be included in Chapter 1?
A. Significant works in critical thinking
B. Teaching strategies for critical thinking
C. Critical thinking: individual or collective?
D. Critical thinking: Where does it come from?
2.What can a reader learn in this chapter?
A. How a mental process works and what role it plays in making logical reasoning
B. What defines cognitive activity and how emotions can shape critical thinking skills
C. Why individuals possess varying abilities to think critically and how to assess them
D. What is critical thinking and how it can be developed through understanding and practice
3. Which of` the following examples best illustrates the mental process of categorization?
A. A student chooses articles that are related to his topic from a large database.
B. A student focuses on the main points the teacher emphasizes in a physics class
C. A student sorts notes by grouping them according to different historical periods
D. A student decides which arguments to include in his essay after weighing the evidence.
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