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(2019苏州吴中)
Water runs  downhill  from mountaintops to  streams to rivers to  oceans. But  downhill  isn't the  only  way  that  water  moves.  A  new  study  measures  how  water  travels  from  country  to  country   for  human  consumption.  This   flow  isn't  the  type  we  usually  think  about.  These scientists  looked  at  the  water  used  to  grow  and  make  the  products  which  get  shipped  from nation to nation as imports or exports. They call this a flow of"virtual water (虚拟水)" .
We typically think about water as the liquid that  flows  from a tap. However,  92% of the water used  by  people  goes  into  growing  crops,  according  to  water  researcher  Arjen  Hoekstra.  He recently  studied the hidden travels  of virtual water used  in products made  from things  like crops and meats. These products are shipped around the world.
For   example,   consider   a   sugary   soft   drink.   Hoekstra   estimated  that  to  produce   one half-liter of the drink requires between  170 and 310 liters of the water—about 95%—is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料) .Another 4% goes into the packaging and labeling. In Hoekstra's  calculation,  when  one  country  produces  a  half-liter  of  soda  and  sells  it  abroad,  it exports as much virtual water as would fill a large refrigerator
According  to  Hoekstra's  new  report,  dry  countries  like  Israel  and  Kuwait,  both  in  the Middle  East,  get  the  majority  of  their  virtual  water  from  other  countries,  through  imported products.   More   surprisingly,   some   wetter   countries,   like   the  Netherlands   and   the   United Kingdom,  also  get the majority  of their virtual water  from  other places.  That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from  other  countries.
In the United States most of the virtual water used comes from American source. In China
even less of the water associated with its products.
38. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Crops and Virtual Water                      B. Import and Export of Water
C.Benefits  of Virtual  Water                   D.Water's   worldwide   travels
39. The first paragraph is intended to talk about                    
A.how  water  flows                             B.what  virtual  water  is
C.where  virtual  water  exists                 D.why  water  is  imported  and  exported
40.The example of a sugary soft drink in Paragraph 3 is given to show                   
A. how drinks are made                           B. how virtual water is used
C. how virtual water is exported                 D. how drinks are shipped

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