江苏省淮安市教师招聘考试英语笔试真题阅读理解16

提醒：点这里加小编微信（领取免费资料、获取最新资讯、解决考教师一切疑问！）

Most  dog  owners  are  convinced  that  their  four-legged  friends  know  exactly  what  they mean  when  they  use  certain  words  like  sit,  stay  or  treat.  However,  researchers  have  always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get  the  meaning.  For  example,  does  the  word  "fetch"form  a  picture  of a  stick  or  ball  in  the dog's  mind,  or  does  the  dog  bring  back  the  object  based  on  the  owner's  voice  or  gesture?  A new  study  by  scientists  at  Atlanta's  Emory  University  seems  to  indicate  that  "man's  best friend" does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had  mastered  the  task,  they  took  turns  inside  a  special  scanner.  The  owners  then  tested  their dog's  language  skill  by  first  calling  out  the  names  of  the  toys  they  had  been  trained  to recognize   and  then   saying  meaningless  words   such   as   "bobbu"and"bodmick"while  holding up random objects the dogs hadn't seen before.
The  scans  suggested that the parts  of the  dogs'brains responsible  for processing  of sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not  enough to prove that the dogs were picturing  their  toys  when  they  heard  the  word,  it  did  indicate  some  sort  of recognition.  The researchers  believe  this  is  an  important   step   forward  in  understanding  how  dogs  process language.
Even more interesting was that the dog's brains showed a higher level of neural (神经)  activity at the  sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human  brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters."Dogs want to please their  owners,  and perhaps  also receive praise  or  food,"says Empty neuroscientist Gregory Burns, senior author of the study.
However, though your pet may understand human  speech, the  scientists recommend using visual  signals  and  smell  for training."When people want to  teach  their  dog  a  trick,  they  often use  spoken  command  because  that's  what  humans  prefer,"Prichard  says."From  the  dog's  view,however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster."
18.What's the purpose  of the new  study?
A.To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B. To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C. To prove dogs follow owners'order by listening.
D.To test out how dogs get information from owners.
19.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?

20.How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A.Human  brains  become  active  at  unfamiliar  words.
B.Dog  brains  become  delighted  at  unfamiliar  words.
C. Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D. Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
21.What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?

提醒：点这里加小编微信（领取免费资料、获取最新资讯、解决考教师一切疑问！）