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The Secrets of Lying: Science-Backed Ways to Spot a Liar
Are there any tells that can help us identify when someone is telling us a lie?
I did an experiment with the BBC where we would interview politicians on the radio. Some would lie and some would tell the truth with audiences phoning（1） in to say who's lying. Unsurprisingly（2）, no politicians wanted to do it. We got in contact with a big political interviewer of the time and he agreed to do it instead. I interviewed him twice, each time about his favourite film. Once he lied（3） to me, once he told the truth. We put them out live on TV. We ended up with（4） about 30,000 calls and what we saw was that the public did the same on television as they do in the lab experiments, which is they were roughly 50/50. In other words, as a group, they couldn't tell when he was lying.
We also ran（5） the transcript in a newspaper and put the audio on the radio. When we stripped away the visual（6） cues, you suddenly saw this big increase（7） in people's lie detecting ability. The visual cues are highly controllable（8）. How we gesture, smile and look, that's under our control（9）. When you get to the words we say and how we say them, it's not really something we think about very much. And that's where（10） the good cues sit.
Once you focus on audio（11） cues, you become a better lie detector.
A popular example is that if you're lying you look up and to the right, is there any truth in this? We've looked into that. It is one of the most popular myths out there. I know people that have based big decisions on this belief, it's quite worrying. Part of this is that we're trying to cut down on faces coming into our heads because faces take up（12） a lot of processing power. If you're trying to remember something, often you look away but is absolutely seen across the world as a sign of deception. Is it the case? We tested this and found there's no indication（13） at all that the eye movements relate to whether someone is lying. However, we did this in a controlled lab environment. It's low stakes and it's a sanctioned piece of deception. We then looked at eye movements in a case where people publicly lied and again, absolutely nothing. There isn't any evidence, as far as I'm aware, that eye movements tell you anything about lying. Yet people have that idea in their head.
Are people able to hide their body language tells when lying?
Some people can, but most people absolutely（14） can't. What you tend to look for in lie detection work is a deviation away from the person's norm（15）. If someone scratches their nose, it could be a sign of them lying, or perfectly normal behaviour. It's no use to look at one piece of action and decide they're lying because they looked away, maybe they do that all the time. In lie detection work, we establish a baseline and then you're looking for certain signals away from that baseline. And those signals tend to be verbal（16）. You're looking for the hesitations, bigger distancing between the end of the question and the beginning of the answer as they think through the lie. You're looking for a dropping away of detail. You're looking for dropping of me, my and I, those sorts of of words. Because lying is cognitively difficult. In a lie, you have to think through what the person knows, what's going to fit in with my story, what have I said already and all those things tax（17） the person's mind.
1.A. in B. on C. a D. out
2.A. Fortunately B. Surprisingly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately
3.A. lied B. lay C. laid D. lain
4.A. up B. with C. down D. off
5.A. through B. across C. in D. with
6.A. visual B. audio C. mental D. physical
7.A. decrease B. increase C. rise D. fall
8.A. uncontrollable B. controllable C. comfortable D. uncomfortable
9.A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. lose control
10.A. when B. where C. what D. why
11.A. audio B. visual C. body D. facial
12.A. up B. in C. out D. off
13.A. indication B. information C. instruction D. introduction
14.A. absolutely B. relatively C. slightly D. hardly
15.A. normal B. norm C. abnormal D. formal
16.A. verbal B. visual C. physical D. mental
17.A. relax B. ease C. tax D. free

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