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A 3-year-old who cries out,4 "Mommy! Look how big that man’s nose is!” will probably be ignored by his mother and the man. An adult who makes an equivalent statement, however, might find his own nose swollen and hurting within seconds. The difference is much more than a matter of social graces. We do not expect 3-year-olds to understand how the things they say affect other people’s emotions. They are not empathetic in the way adults are.
To empathize (同情) with someone is to understand what he is feeling or, more properly, to understand what you would feel like if you were in his situation. Unlike intelligence and physical attractiveness, which depend largely on genetics, empathy is a skill that children learn. Its value is multifold. Children who are empathetic tend to do better in school，in social situations, and in their adult careers.
Toddlers sometimes show behavior that is closer to true empathy in their first efforts to connect another person’s discomfort with their own. When a 2-year-old sees his mother crying, he may offer her a toy he’s been playing with or a cookie he’s been nibbling. He is giving his mother something that he knows has made him feel better when he has cried. It is unclear, however, whether the child understands what his mother is feeling, or is simply upset by the way she is acting, much in the way a puppy will come up and lick the face of someone who’s crying.
By the time a child is about 4 years old, he begins to associate his emotions with the feelings of others. While one child says he has a stomachache, some 4-year-olds may come over and comfort him. By the time a child is 8, he can grapple with more complex moral decisions in which he must realize that someone else’s feelings may be different from his own.
Although the best training for empathy begins in infancy, it's never too late to start. The best teachers of this skill are the children’s parents. The way you show your own empathy may be more important than anything you say.
39.How is empathy different from intelligence?
A.Empathy can be learned.
B.Empathy is determined by birth.
C.Empathy is of greater importance.
D.Empathy has little effect on one’s life.
40.What can be inferred from toddler’s behavior?
A.Toddlers can show true empathy to others.
B.Toddlers just do things like a puppy.
C.Toddlers may not know true empathy.
D.Toddlers can’t appreciate what they’re doing.
41.What can we learn about the training for children’s empathy?
A.Parents must master such skills first.
B.Parents had better learn how to be good teachers.
C.Parents have to stop teaching their children’s empathy.
D.Parents should set an example for their children’s empathy.
42.What is the text about?
A.How children develop empathy.
B.How empathy benefits children.
C.Why empathy matters more than intelligence.
D.Why it is important to train the empathy of children.

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