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Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. In 1940, he married Patricia Ryan; they had two daughters, Tricia and Julie. During World War II, Nixon served as a Navy commander in the Pacific.
On leaving the service, he was elected to Congress from his California district. In 1950, he won a Senate seat. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, aged39, to be his running mate.
As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Nominated (提名) for President by loud approval in 1960, he lost by a narrow margin to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, he again won his party’s nomination, and went on to defeat Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and third-party candidate George C. Wallace.
His achievements while in office included income sharing, new anticrime laws and abroad environmental program. One of the most dramatic events of his first term occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. Some of his most publicly praised achievements came in his search for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the USSR.
In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record.
Within a few months, his administration was involved in the so-called “Watergate” scandal, arising from a break- in at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 campaign. The break-in was traced to officials of the Committee tore-elect the President. A number of administration officials had to leave office; some were later found guilty of offenses connected with efforts to cover up the affair.
Nixon denied any personal involvement, but the courts forced him to hand in tape recordings which indicated that he had, in fact, tried to avoid the investigation.
Faced with what seemed almost certain impeachment (弹劾), Nixon announced on August 8,1974, that he would resign the next day to begin “that process of mending which is so desperately needed in America.
In his last years, Nixon gained praise as an elder statesman. By the time of his death on April 22,1994, he had written numerous books on his experiences in public life and on foreign policy.
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