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(2019苏州高新区)
Over the past decade, the growth in highly-skilled jobs has largely been limited to Australia's biggest cities. Meanwhile, in rural and regional Australia lower-skilled jobs have been growing fastest. This skills gap is increasing regional differences in income and employment opportunities, despite the promises of technology and infrastructure as solutions to the tyranny of remoteness.
Our research finds that jobs, particularly the highly skilled, white-collar kind, are becoming increasingly collaborative. Complex tasks and rapidly changing work environments have increased the need for workers who can collaborate with others to solve problems and who are open to continuous learning. Roles for highly skilled workers are becoming more specialized. This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater
space for market positioning.
The productive advantages of cities are self-reinforcing. Skilled workers benefit from the opportunity to learn from and add value with other skilled workers. The coordination costs of
this collaborative work are reduced when team members are colocated.
Employers also benefit from proximity to similar firms because there is a larger pool of skilled candidates for new jobs and better access to potential business partners. All these advantages encourage further specialization and productivity gains, with the result that workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers.
The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox of the digital economy. While digital technology represents a channel for bridging geographic
distance, highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities.
The latest census data shows no change in the rate of working from home, despite much- improved digital infrastructure in some areas. In time this may change, perhaps as video conferencing technology improves. However, while better technology might allow regional workers to interact with colleagues and clients in cities, it will also make it easier for city-based professionals to service regional areas.
Employment is still growing in regional Australia. But the fact that cities make highly skilled workers more productive means the gap in skilled employment is likely to continue to
widen.
Attempts to swim against this tide by moving skilled jobs to the country will be expensive. Currently, subsidies are needed to attract and retain highly skilled health professionals to regional communities. Despite this, our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing.
So these subsidies are not translating into sustainable, collaborative communities of high-skilled regional workers. Instead, regions need to focus on their strengths, and foster the entrepreneurship that can create new sources of gainful employment.
The government's move towards more individualized funding arrangements in the aged care and disability care sectors will increasingly become a resilient source of income for workers and businesses in regional communities. Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care. Adding to this, regional communities are experiencing population ageing at a faster rate than the large capital cities.
These are important jobs which should be recognized as such. There will be opportunities for regional businesses to provide the technology and services (ranging from personalized transport to food services) which allow older people and Australians with disability to remain active and healthy.
Currently people from the regions who are eager for professional careers typically move to the city to study. In many cases they do not return. Here, technology may be part of the solution. Combining specialized online educational resources with good local support teachers could enable students to access a much wider range of courses from regional areas.
Regional communities will also need entrepreneurs to develop the future industries and microbusinesses which improve the diversity and resilience of the local economy. However, start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem, including access to relevant skills development opportunities.
45.What is the remarkable characteristic of the high-skilled job?
A.Collaboration B.Complexity. C.Organization. D.Sustainability.
46.Workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers in that
A. highly skilled workers increase the coordination costs
B.potential business partners live close to large city centers
C.they encourage self-dependence and increase differences
D. they benefit from specialization and productive advantages
47.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Digital infrastructure in some areas have been greatly improved.
B. The lower skilled workers are likely to have a considerable income.
C. Digital technology doesn't necessarily bridge the gap in skilled employment.
D.The government will have more support and preferential policies for business.
48. The author mentions "aged care services"to indicate that
A. they lack proper management
B.they can bring new jobs to regions
C. they focus on their technical strengths
D. they help regions' funding arrangements
49. What is the key message of the last paragraph?
A.Combining online resources with local support teachers is a good way.
B. Entrepreneurs can improve the diversity to develop their own industries.
C. Regional communities supply sufficient subsidies to pay skilled workers.
D. Supportive entrepreneurship ecosystems play a crucial role in regional areas.
50.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Low-skilled jobs have been growing fast in regional Australia.
B. Regional Australia is committed to the development of local economy.
C.The skill jobs gap is increasing between cities and regions in Australia.
D. Highly skilled workers crowd into cities to pursue career development.
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