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Choosing a name for a child is often a headache for parents but new research shows that picking well could be more crucial than previously thought.
Academics have found that your first name actual changes the way you look. For example, someone called “Bob” is expected by society to have a rounder and happier face than a man called “Tim”. That expectation eventually leads “Bobs”to become more social, while “Tims”may appear thinner and reserved. The connection maybe linked to the “bouba-kiki” effect which suggests that across languages, rounder and smoother objects are labelled with rounded “bouba” sounds, while thinner pointed objects have “kiki”sounds. Likewise, “Winstons” are believed to be feeling blue, while “Marys”are considered to be moral, both traits which may change appearance, and over time, change face shape. And a woman named “Katherine” is considered to be more serious and dependable than a girl named “Bonnie”. Such cultural expectations may encourage Katherines’ to be more studious and academic, which could gradually influence the development of facial muscles, perhaps through increased concentration.
“Prior research has shown there are cultural stereotypes attached to names, including how someone should look,” said lead author DrYonat Zwebner, of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “For instance, people are more likely to imagine a person named Bob to have a rounder face than a person named Tim. We believe these stereotypes can,over time, affect people’s facial appearance. ”
To find out if face shape was linked to name, researchers conducted eight studies to see it was possible for strangers to correctly identify the names of people simply by looking at their faces. In every experiment, the participants were significantly better （up to40percent accurate） at matching the name to the face than random chance （20 - 25 percent accurate） even when ethnicity, age and other socioeconomic variables were controlled for. “Together, these findings suggest that facial appearance represents social expectations of how a person with a particular name should look. In this way, a social tag may influence one’s facial appearance,” said co-author Dr Ruth Mayo.
39. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A. How you name sounds simply counts.
B. Your name may tell how you look
C. Social expectations determine your name.
D.It’s important to concentrate on facial muscles.
40. What can we learn from the eight studies?
A.Most of the participants match the name with the face correctly.
B.The findings are contradictory to those of the previous research.
C. They are based on the data from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
D.The findings are similar to those of the previous research.
41. According to Dr Ruth Mayo, one’s facial appearance is basically affected by .
A.social expectations
B. the experience of their life
C.Their parents’ preference
D. The meaning of their names
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