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Not that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without lavish government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which breached 1millionin2015, last year reached2million; In electricity generation, too, trend is with the greens. In the first half of this year wind, solar and hydro generated a record35%of Germany’s power.
Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing toreach60%renewable energy by 2030; 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America’s most oil-dependent state, has pledged to be 100%renewable by the middle of the century. So have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100%renewable energy rose to 100.
But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100%renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem deceptively easy. In fact, though wind and solar can generate all a country’s electricity on some days, renewables still account for less than8%of the world’s total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even thoughg as-fired heating and cooking can be at least as big a source of greenhouse-gas emissions, renewable heating gets minuscule attention. Transport policy is erratic, too. Car makers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10melectric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road haulage, shipping and aviation are dreams.A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and hydro alone for its electricity has recently been witheringly criticized by a group of respected academics.
Most important, a 100% renewables target confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions(净排放量)of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to<u>phase out</u> nuclear power and so burned more coal. New technologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than deploying renewables would.
40. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. it is probable that ships will one day be powered by battery
B.with new technologies, Germany successfully cut down carbon emissions
C.America is not likely to completely rely on wind, solar and hydro energy one day
D.the problem of climate change will be solved by using 100%renewable energy
41. According to the passage, carbon emissions may be reduced by______.
A.abandoning electric vehicles B. blocking carbon-reduction paths
C.using non-renewable heating D.promoting energy efficiency
42. The underlined phrase “phase out” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A. reduce B. ignore C. use D. invent
43. In which column can this passage be read?
A. Fashion B.Politics C. Education D. Economy
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